Kidney Insufficiency in Dogs – Causes, Symptoms and Support

Kidney problems are among the most common health challenges in older dogs. Renal insufficiency, also known as kidney weakness or kidney failure, can be acute or chronic and requires special attention and care from dog owners. The earlier the first symptoms are recognized, the better everyday life can be adapted to the dog’s needs.

What do the kidneys do in dogs?

The kidneys are vital organs that cleanse the blood of metabolic waste products, regulate fluid and electrolyte balance, and are involved in blood pressure. They also control excretion via urine. If one or both kidneys no longer function optimally, waste products accumulate in the body, which can affect the dog’s well-being and quality of life.

Causes of Kidney Failure in Dogs

The reasons for kidney failure are varied. In addition to the natural aging process, genetic predispositions, infections (e.g., leptospirosis), poisoning (e.g., from certain plants, medications, or chemicals), and metabolic diseases (e.g., diabetes, high blood pressure) can impair kidney function. A long-term, low-moisture diet—for example, dry food—can also strain the water balance. Small dogs, who often drink little, are particularly affected. Acute kidney damage caused by infections or injuries occurs less frequently.

Symptoms: How can kidney problems be recognized?

The signs of kidney failure are often nonspecific at first and usually develop gradually. Typical symptoms can include:

• Increased drinking and more frequent urination,
• Loss of appetite, weight loss,
• Vomiting, excessively soft or loose stools,
• Fatigue, listlessness,
• Strong breath,
• Pale mucous membranes,
• Dehydration (dry nose, skin folds persist).

Important: If one or more of these symptoms are observed, the dog should be examined by a veterinarian promptly. An early diagnosis helps maintain quality of life.

Diagnosis and Veterinary Support

Diagnosis is made using blood and urine tests, often supplemented by ultrasound and X-rays. The veterinarian assesses the degree of kidney damage and adapts treatment individually. Regular check-ups are crucial, especially in chronic cases, to respond to changes early on.

Diet and Fluid Balance

A special kidney diet with reduced protein and phosphorus content can help relieve the strain on the kidneys. Feeding should be as moist as possible – wet food or home-prepared rations with plenty of liquid are generally better than dry food. The dog should always have fresh water available. In addition, the veterinarian can prescribe infusions or fluid therapy to stabilize water balance.

What can owners do for their dog?

• Regular check-ups: Have kidney function checked regularly, especially in older dogs or dogs with pre-existing conditions.
• Provide water: Always ensure there is enough fresh water.
• Adapted diet: A balanced, kidney-friendly diet supports well-being.
• Exercise & Weight control: Keep an eye on your dog’s weight and encourage light exercise to stabilize their circulation.
• Love & care: Plenty of attention, a calm environment, and stress avoidance support your dog.

The role of micronutrients in kidney failure

Dogs with kidney problems excrete increased amounts of water-soluble vitamins, such as B vitamins, through their urine. This can lead to deficiencies, which can manifest as weakness, fatigue, or loss of appetite. A balanced supply of all eight B vitamins can support your dog’s energy metabolism and vitality. It is important that supplementation is always individualized and in consultation with your veterinarian – this way, oversupply can be avoided.

Long-term support and prevention

Preventive measures include a balanced, fresh, and moist diet, regular exercise, and monitoring for harmful environmental toxins. In cases of known kidney disease, special diets and regular blood test results help slow the progression and prevent complications.

Every day with your dog is precious. With attention, patience, and good company, you can contribute greatly toYour four-legged friend feels comfortable and enjoys life. Treat him to little breaks, walks together, and lots of loving moments. This creates trust and security – a wonderful gift for both of you.